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Equitable estoppel is not an independent cause of action but rather is usually used defensively to avoid a defense such as the statute of limitations. Equitable estoppel requires the following elements: (1) a false representation or concealment of material facts; (2) made with knowledge, actual or constructive, of those facts; (3) with the intention that it should be acted on; (4) to a party without knowledge or means of obtaining knowledge of the facts; (5) who detrimentally relies on the representations. Schroeder v. Texas Iron Works, Inc., 813 S.W.2d 483, 489 (Tex. 1991).
Equitable Estoppel
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